Does Lion’s Mane Mushroom Powder Have Benefits for Dementia?

Below is an approximation of this video’s audio content. To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring, watch the above video.

I’ve talked about the benefits of nitrate-rich vegetables for improving cognitive function. Do any other vegetables stand out? Mushrooms are in a class of their own—literally, in fact a kingdom of their own—belonging to the fungi rather than plant kingdom. Epidemiological studies in Japan, Singapore, Norway, the Netherlands, and the United States have found associations between mushroom consumption and superior cognitive function.

Compared to people who don’t eat mushrooms, those in the highest category of mushroom intake in the U.S. had a higher performance on various cognitive tests, and that highest intake was only averaging about one mushroom a day. This result appeared to be independent of other dietary and lifestyle factors. The researchers suggested it may be the unique mushroom antioxidant––ergothioneine––that I’ve profiled previously, and indeed, a study out of France found blood ergothioneine levels associated with lower odds of cognitive decline.

The U.S. research team suggested “regular mushroom consumption may reduce the risk of cognitive decline,” but it was just a cross-sectional snapshot in time. So, you don’t know which came first. Japanese researchers performed a prospective study following more than 10,000 men and women aged 65 and older for about six years. In that time, about one in 12 was diagnosed with dementia. What seemed to lower risk of falling into that faction? Mushroom consumption. Compared to those who ate mushrooms less than once a week, those who ate mushrooms three or more times a week had a 19 percent lower chance of becoming demented. The cross-sectional study in Singapore found 57 percent lower odds of having cognitive impairment among those eating more than two portions a week. As always, though, cause and effect can only be established with interventional trials.

A six-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomizing older men and women to plain white button mushrooms or placebo found no difference in cognitive function, but the dose was only about 200 mg a day of dried mushroom powder. That’s the fresh weight equivalent of less than a quarter of a single small mushroom a day. This enabled the researchers to stuff the mushrooms into capsules so they could be blinded against placebo, but offers little insight into what even a single daily serving of mushrooms might do, which would constitute fifty times the studied dose.

What about fancier fungi, like the gourmet edible mushroom called lion’s mane (or less palatably, bearded tooth fungus)? In 2009, a pilot study found that older men and women diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment randomized to a few grams of dried lion’s mane mushroom powder a day experienced a significant improvement in cognitive function compared to placebo starting as soon as month two. Despite the promising results, an attempt to replicate the results wasn’t published for another decade. Researchers tried about three grams of powdered lion’s mane mushroom a day in cognitively healthy older adults. A significant improvement over placebo was found in one of three cognitive measures. Finally, in 2020, a study was published on lion’s mane mushroom for early Alzheimer’s disease. A nearly year-long randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of about a gram a day of dried and powdered lab-grown lion’s mane sadly found no cognitive benefits compared to placebo, but it did perhaps improve the ability to perform activities of daily living, a measure of independence.

Please consider volunteering to help out on the site.

• Zhang S, Tomata Y, Sugiyama K, Sugawara Y, Tsuji I. Mushroom consumption and incident dementia in elderly Japanese: the Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(7):1462-1469.
• Feng L, Cheah IKM, Ng MMX, et al. The association between mushroom consumption and mild cognitive impairment: a community-based cross-sectional study in Singapore. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;68(1):197-203.
• Nurk E, Refsum H, Drevon CA, et al. Cognitive performance among the elderly in relation to the intake of plant foods. The Hordaland Health Study. Br J Nutr. 2010;104(8):1190-1201.
• Nooyens ACJ, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Boxtel MPJ, van Gelder BM, Verhagen H, Verschuren WMM. Fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive decline in middle-aged men and women: the Doetinchem Cohort Study. Br J Nutr. 2011;106(5):752-761.
• Ba DM, Gao X, Al-Shaar L, et al. Mushroom intake and cognitive performance among US older adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2014. Br J Nutr. 2022;128(11):2241-2248.
• González-Domínguez R, Castellano-Escuder P, Carmona F, et al. Food and microbiota metabolites associate with cognitive decline in older subjects: a 12-year prospective study. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2021;65(23):e2100606.
• Zajac IT, Barnes M, Cavuoto P, Wittert G, Noakes M. The effects of vitamin D-enriched mushrooms and vitamin D3 on cognitive performance and mood in healthy elderly adults: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3847.
• Zajac I, Cavuoto P, Danthiir V, et al. Study protocol: a randomised, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial testing the effects of a vitamin D-enriched mushroom supplement on cognitive performance and mood in healthy elderly adults. Healthy Aging Res. 2016;5(1):1-14.
• Wabang T, Ajungla T. Edible, medicinal and red listed monkey head mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers. from Japfu mountain of Kohima needs immediate protection. Curr Bot. 2017;7:33.
• Mori K, Inatomi S, Ouchi K, Azumi Y, Tuchida T. Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2009;23(3):367-372.
• Saitsu Y, Nishide A, Kikushima K, Shimizu K, Ohnuki K. Improvement of cognitive functions by oral intake of Hericium erinaceus. Biomed Res. 2019;40(4):125-131.
• Li IC, Chang HH, Lin CH, et al. Prevention of early Alzheimer’s disease by erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelia pilot double-blind placebo-controlled study. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12:155.

Motion graphics by Avo Media

• Alzheimer’s disease
• antioxidants
• dementia
• mushrooms
• vegetables