Whole food sources of phytosterols, such as seeds and nuts, are likely superior to supplements, or phytosterol-fortified spreads and beverages.
Optimal Phytosterol Source
Though nuts and seeds are packed with phytosterols, phytosterols are typically prescribed in butter form. I kid you not. Or, in margarine—even worse. For those wanting to lower their heart disease risk, eating trans fats is the last thing you need. Eating margarine to get phytosterols is like eating fish to get omega-3s.
Remember, food is a package deal. By choosing plant-based sources, we can get the nutrients we want, without trans fats or mercury. Eating nuts and seeds offers the good, without the bad.
And, studies show smaller, more frequent doses may be more effective than one big dose in a spread or pill—which makes total sense, right, given the trash-picker analogy? We want to have phytosterols constantly flowing through our gut throughout the day, so they’ll continue to keep stuffing the bins of our intestinal lining cells, allowing excess cholesterol to pass.
Another reason that pills may not work as well is that we need fat to optimally absorb phytosterols. So, that’s why they package it in margarine spreads. But, nature put phytosterols right where you need it—in nuts and seeds, which have more than enough fat. But, now, there’s like phytosterol-fortified orange juice, and lemonade. And, like with the pills, we would not expect phytosterols to be as effectively absorbed.
To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring, watch the above video. This is just an approximation of the audio contributed by Kerry Skinner.
Please consider volunteering to help out on the site.
- Abumweis SS, Barake R, Jones PJ. Plant sterols/stanols as cholesterol lowering agents: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Nutr Res. 2008;52.
- Phillips KM, Ruggio DM, Ashraf-Khorassani M. Phytosterol composition of nuts and seeds commonly consumed in the United States. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Nov 30;53(24):9436-45.
- Demonty I, Ras RT, van der Knaap HC, Duchateau GS, Meijer L, Zock PL, Geleijnse JM, Trautwein EA. Continuous dose-response relationship of the LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of phytosterol intake. J Nutr. 2009 Feb;139(2):271-84.
Though nuts and seeds are packed with phytosterols, phytosterols are typically prescribed in butter form. I kid you not. Or, in margarine—even worse. For those wanting to lower their heart disease risk, eating trans fats is the last thing you need. Eating margarine to get phytosterols is like eating fish to get omega-3s.
Remember, food is a package deal. By choosing plant-based sources, we can get the nutrients we want, without trans fats or mercury. Eating nuts and seeds offers the good, without the bad.
And, studies show smaller, more frequent doses may be more effective than one big dose in a spread or pill—which makes total sense, right, given the trash-picker analogy? We want to have phytosterols constantly flowing through our gut throughout the day, so they’ll continue to keep stuffing the bins of our intestinal lining cells, allowing excess cholesterol to pass.
Another reason that pills may not work as well is that we need fat to optimally absorb phytosterols. So, that’s why they package it in margarine spreads. But, nature put phytosterols right where you need it—in nuts and seeds, which have more than enough fat. But, now, there’s like phytosterol-fortified orange juice, and lemonade. And, like with the pills, we would not expect phytosterols to be as effectively absorbed.
To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring, watch the above video. This is just an approximation of the audio contributed by Kerry Skinner.
Please consider volunteering to help out on the site.
- Abumweis SS, Barake R, Jones PJ. Plant sterols/stanols as cholesterol lowering agents: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Nutr Res. 2008;52.
- Phillips KM, Ruggio DM, Ashraf-Khorassani M. Phytosterol composition of nuts and seeds commonly consumed in the United States. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Nov 30;53(24):9436-45.
- Demonty I, Ras RT, van der Knaap HC, Duchateau GS, Meijer L, Zock PL, Geleijnse JM, Trautwein EA. Continuous dose-response relationship of the LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of phytosterol intake. J Nutr. 2009 Feb;139(2):271-84.
Republishing "Optimal Phytosterol Source"
You may republish this material online or in print under our Creative Commons licence. You must attribute the article to NutritionFacts.org with a link back to our website in your republication.
If any changes are made to the original text or video, you must indicate, reasonably, what has changed about the article or video.
You may not use our material for commercial purposes.
You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that restrict others from doing anything permitted here.
If you have any questions, please Contact Us
Optimal Phytosterol Source
LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Content URLDoctor's Note
This closes out a five-part video series on the cholesterol-lowering effects of nuts and seeds (see Nuts and Bolts of Cholesterol Lowering). See How Fiber Lowers Cholesterol for an explanation of the “trash-picker analogy,” then How Phytosterols Lower Cholesterol, and Optimal Phytosterol Dose. I elaborate on the “package deal” concept in Risk Associated With Iron Supplements; Safest Source of B12; and Plant Protein Preferable. I have dozens of videos on fish; for a few on why fish are not the best choices for omega-3s, see Nerves of Mercury; and The Effect of Canned Tuna on Future Wages. Don’t nuts make you fat, though? That’s the topic of Nuts and Obesity: The Weight of Evidence.
For more context, check out my associated blog post, Stool Size and Breast Cancer Risk.
If you haven't yet, you can subscribe to our free newsletter. With your subscription, you'll also get notifications for just-released blogs and videos. Check out our information page about our translated resources.