Dr. Dean Ornish showed that his plant-based diet, exercise, and stress management intervention could in effect reverse the aging of our DNA. What effect might the stress management component have had?
Does Meditation Affect Cellular Aging?
In my Research Into Reversing Aging, I highlighted Dean Ornish’s landmark study showing that a low-fat, whole foods, plant-based diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, along with walking, stress management, and support could not only reverse heart disease, open up arteries without drugs and surgery, and potentially reverse the progression of early-stage prostate cancer, but was the first intervention ever shown to increase telomerase activity, the enzyme that builds and maintains these caps at the tips of our chromosomes called telomeres which appear to slow the aging of our cells. Yes, this new finding was exciting and should encourage people to adopt a healthy lifestyle in order to avoid or combat cancer and age-related diseases, but was it the diet, the exercise, or the stress management? That’s what researchers have been trying to tease out in the six years since this study was published.
Let’s look at stress first. In the film The Holiday, Cameron Diaz, exclaimed “Severe stress … causes the DNA in our cells to shrink until they can no longer replicate.” Did Hollywood get the science right? Do people who are stressed have shorter telomeres? To answer that question, researchers measured the telomere lengths in mothers of chronically ill children—what could be more stressful than that? The longer a woman had spent being the main carer of her ill child, the shorter were her telomeres. The extra telomere shortening in the most stressed mothers was equivalent to that caused by at least a decade of aging.
We see the same thing in caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients, and those suffering severe work related exhaustion. Even those abused as children may grow up with shorter telomeres. Not much we can do about our past, but if we manage our stress can we grow some of telomeres back?
Well if you go off to on a meditation retreat and meditate for 500 hours you can indeed boost your telomerase activity. 600 hours of meditation may be beneficial as well, but come on, there’s got to be a quicker fix, and this exciting new study delivers.
Caregivers of family members with dementia randomized to just 12 minutes of daily meditation for 8 weeks, just about 10 hours in total experienced significant benefit. Better mental and psychological function accompanied by an increase in telomerase activity suggesting improvement in stress-induced cellular aging. We’ll cover diet and exercise next.
To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring, watch the above video. This is just an approximation of the audio contributed by Katie Schloer.
Please consider volunteering to help out on the site.
- D H Ryan, M A Espeland, G D Foster, S M Haffner, V S Hubbard, K C Johnson, S E Kahn, W C Knowler, S Z Yanovski; Look AHEAD Research Group. 2003. Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes): design and methods for a clinical trial of weight loss for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Control Clin Trials. Oct;24(5):610-28.
- K Steczkiewicz, M T Zimmermann, M Kurcinski, B A Lewis, D Dobbs, A Kloczkowski, R L Jernigan, A Kolinski, K Ginalski. 2011. Human telomerase model shows the role of the TEN domain in advancing the double helix for the next polymerization step. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Jun 7;108(23):9443-8.
- D Ornish, J Lin, J Daubenmier, G Weidner, E Epel, C Kemp, M J M Magbanua, R Marlin, L Yglecias, P R Carroll, E H Blackburn. Increased telomerase activity and comprehensive lifestyle changes: a pilot study. Lancet Oncol. 2008 Nov;9(11):1048-57.
- E Skordalakes. Telomerase and the benefits of healthy living. Lancet Oncol. 2008 Nov;9(11):1023-4.
- E S Epel, E H Blackburn, J Lin, F S Dhabhar, N E Adler, J D Morrow, R M Cawthon. Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 7;101(49):17312-5.
- E H Blackburn, E S Epel. Telomeres and adversity: Too toxic to ignore. Nature. 2012 Oct 11;490(7419):169-71.
- A K Damjanovic, Y Yang, R Glaser, J K Kiecolt-Glaser, H Nguyen, B Laskowski, Y Zou, D Q Beversdorf, N Weng. Accelerated telomere erosion is associated with declining immune function of caregivers of alzheimer’s disease patients. J Immunol. 2007 Sep 15;179(6):4249-54.
- K Ahola, I Siren, M Kivimaki, S Ripatti, A Aromaa, J Lonnqvist, I Hovatta. Work-Related Exhaustion and Telomere Length: A populated-based study. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40186.
- I Shalev, T E Moffitt, K Sugden, B Williams, R M Houts, A Danese, J Mill, L Arsenaeult, A Caspi. Exposure to violence during childhood is associated with telomere erosion from 5-10 years of age: a longitudinal study. Mol Psychiatry. 2013 May;18(5):576-81.
- T L Jacobs, E S Epel, J Lin, E H lackburn, O M Wolkowitz, D A Bridwell, A P Zanesco, S R Aichele, B K Sahdra, K A Maclean, B G King, P R Shaver, E L Rosenberg, E Ferrer, B A Wallace, C D Saron. Intensive meditation training, immune cell telomerase activity, and psychological mediators. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011 Jun;36(5):664-81.
- E A Hoge, M M Chen, E Orr, C A Metcalf, L E Fischer, M H Pollack, I DeVivo, N M Simon. Loving-Kindness meditation practice associated with longer telomeres in women. Brain Behav Immun. 2013 Aug;32:159-63.
- H Lavretsky, E S Epel, P Siddarth, N Nazarian, N S Cyr, D S Khalsa, J Lin, E Blackburn, M R Irwin. A pilot study of yogic meditation for family dementia caregivers with depressive symptoms: effects on mental health, cognition and telomerase activity. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013 Jan;28(1):57-65.
- C Werner, T Furster, T Widmann, J Poss, C Roggia, M Hanhoun, J Scharhag, N Buchner, T Meyer, W Kindermann, J Haendeler, M Bohm, U Laufs. Physical exercise prevents cellular senescence in circulating leukocytes in the vessel wall. Circulation. 2009 Dec 15;120(24):2438-47.
- L F Cherkas, J L Hunkin, B S Kato, B Richards, J P Gardner, G L Surdulescu, M Kimura, X Lu, T D Spector, A Aviv. The association between physical activity in leisure time and leukocyte telomere length. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Jan 28;168(2):154-8.
- J Kim, J Ko, D Lee, I Lim, H Bang. Habitual physical exercise has beneficial effects on telomere length in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2012 Oct;19(10):1109-15.
- C Mason, R Risques, L Xiao, C R Duggan, I Imayama, K L Campbell, A Kong, K E Foster-Schubert, C Y Wang, C M Alfano, G L Blackburn, P S Rabinovitch, A McTiernan. Independent and combined effects of dietary weight loss and exercise on leukoctye telomere length in postmenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Dec;21(12):E549-54.
- F Marcon, E Siniscalchi, R Crebelli, C Saieva, F Sera, P Fortini, V Simonelli, D Palli. Diet-related telomere shortening and chromosome stability. Mutagenesis. 2012 Jan;27(1):49-57
- A Tianen, S Mannisto, P A Blomstedt, E Moltchanova, M-M Perala, N E Kaartinen, E Kajantie, L Kananen, I Hovatta, J G Eriksson. Leukocyte telomere length and its relation to food and nutrient intake in an elderly population. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec;66(12):1290-4.
- I Shalev, S Entringer, P D Wadhwa, O M Wolkowitz, E Puterman, J Lin, E S Epel. Stress and telomere biology: a lifespan perspective. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013 Sep;38(9):1835-42.
- J H Ford. Saturated fatty acid metabolism is key link between cell division, cancer, and senescence in cellular and whole organism aging. Age (Dordr). 2010 Jun;32(2):231-7.
- Y Song, N-C Y You, Y Song, M K Kang, L Hou, R Wallace, C B Eaton, L F Tinker, S Liu. Intake of small-to-medium-chain saturated fatty acids is associated with peripheral leukocyte telomere length in postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2013 Jun;143(6):907-14.
- J A Nettleton, A Diez-Roux, N S Jenny, A L Fitzpatrick, D R Jacobs Jr. Dietary patterns, food groups, and telomere length in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Nov;88(5):1405-12.
- T E Strandberg, O Saijonmaa, F Fyhrquist, R S Tilvis, A Y Strandberg, T A Miettinen, K H Pitkala, V Salomaa. Telomere length in old age and cholesterol across the life course. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Oct;59(10):1979-81.
- B G P Macnamara, K T Farn, A K Mitra, J K Lloyd, A S Forsbrooke. Progeria Case Report with Long-term Studies o f Serum Lipids. Arch Dis Child. 1970 Aug;45(242):553-60.
- V A Diaz, A G Mainous III, C J Everett, U J Schoepf, V Codd, N J Samanii. Effect of healthy lifestyle behaviors on the association between leukocyte telomere length and coronary artery calcium. Am J Cardiol. 2010 Sep 1;106(5):659-63.
- M A Shammas. Telomeres, lifestyle, cancer, and aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011 Jan;14(1):28-34.
- I Shalev. Early life stress and telomere length: investigating the connection and possible mechanisms. Bioessays. 2012 Nov;34(11):943-52.
Image thanks to NikoDimo via Flickr
In my Research Into Reversing Aging, I highlighted Dean Ornish’s landmark study showing that a low-fat, whole foods, plant-based diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, along with walking, stress management, and support could not only reverse heart disease, open up arteries without drugs and surgery, and potentially reverse the progression of early-stage prostate cancer, but was the first intervention ever shown to increase telomerase activity, the enzyme that builds and maintains these caps at the tips of our chromosomes called telomeres which appear to slow the aging of our cells. Yes, this new finding was exciting and should encourage people to adopt a healthy lifestyle in order to avoid or combat cancer and age-related diseases, but was it the diet, the exercise, or the stress management? That’s what researchers have been trying to tease out in the six years since this study was published.
Let’s look at stress first. In the film The Holiday, Cameron Diaz, exclaimed “Severe stress … causes the DNA in our cells to shrink until they can no longer replicate.” Did Hollywood get the science right? Do people who are stressed have shorter telomeres? To answer that question, researchers measured the telomere lengths in mothers of chronically ill children—what could be more stressful than that? The longer a woman had spent being the main carer of her ill child, the shorter were her telomeres. The extra telomere shortening in the most stressed mothers was equivalent to that caused by at least a decade of aging.
We see the same thing in caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients, and those suffering severe work related exhaustion. Even those abused as children may grow up with shorter telomeres. Not much we can do about our past, but if we manage our stress can we grow some of telomeres back?
Well if you go off to on a meditation retreat and meditate for 500 hours you can indeed boost your telomerase activity. 600 hours of meditation may be beneficial as well, but come on, there’s got to be a quicker fix, and this exciting new study delivers.
Caregivers of family members with dementia randomized to just 12 minutes of daily meditation for 8 weeks, just about 10 hours in total experienced significant benefit. Better mental and psychological function accompanied by an increase in telomerase activity suggesting improvement in stress-induced cellular aging. We’ll cover diet and exercise next.
To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring, watch the above video. This is just an approximation of the audio contributed by Katie Schloer.
Please consider volunteering to help out on the site.
- D H Ryan, M A Espeland, G D Foster, S M Haffner, V S Hubbard, K C Johnson, S E Kahn, W C Knowler, S Z Yanovski; Look AHEAD Research Group. 2003. Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes): design and methods for a clinical trial of weight loss for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Control Clin Trials. Oct;24(5):610-28.
- K Steczkiewicz, M T Zimmermann, M Kurcinski, B A Lewis, D Dobbs, A Kloczkowski, R L Jernigan, A Kolinski, K Ginalski. 2011. Human telomerase model shows the role of the TEN domain in advancing the double helix for the next polymerization step. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Jun 7;108(23):9443-8.
- D Ornish, J Lin, J Daubenmier, G Weidner, E Epel, C Kemp, M J M Magbanua, R Marlin, L Yglecias, P R Carroll, E H Blackburn. Increased telomerase activity and comprehensive lifestyle changes: a pilot study. Lancet Oncol. 2008 Nov;9(11):1048-57.
- E Skordalakes. Telomerase and the benefits of healthy living. Lancet Oncol. 2008 Nov;9(11):1023-4.
- E S Epel, E H Blackburn, J Lin, F S Dhabhar, N E Adler, J D Morrow, R M Cawthon. Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 7;101(49):17312-5.
- E H Blackburn, E S Epel. Telomeres and adversity: Too toxic to ignore. Nature. 2012 Oct 11;490(7419):169-71.
- A K Damjanovic, Y Yang, R Glaser, J K Kiecolt-Glaser, H Nguyen, B Laskowski, Y Zou, D Q Beversdorf, N Weng. Accelerated telomere erosion is associated with declining immune function of caregivers of alzheimer’s disease patients. J Immunol. 2007 Sep 15;179(6):4249-54.
- K Ahola, I Siren, M Kivimaki, S Ripatti, A Aromaa, J Lonnqvist, I Hovatta. Work-Related Exhaustion and Telomere Length: A populated-based study. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40186.
- I Shalev, T E Moffitt, K Sugden, B Williams, R M Houts, A Danese, J Mill, L Arsenaeult, A Caspi. Exposure to violence during childhood is associated with telomere erosion from 5-10 years of age: a longitudinal study. Mol Psychiatry. 2013 May;18(5):576-81.
- T L Jacobs, E S Epel, J Lin, E H lackburn, O M Wolkowitz, D A Bridwell, A P Zanesco, S R Aichele, B K Sahdra, K A Maclean, B G King, P R Shaver, E L Rosenberg, E Ferrer, B A Wallace, C D Saron. Intensive meditation training, immune cell telomerase activity, and psychological mediators. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011 Jun;36(5):664-81.
- E A Hoge, M M Chen, E Orr, C A Metcalf, L E Fischer, M H Pollack, I DeVivo, N M Simon. Loving-Kindness meditation practice associated with longer telomeres in women. Brain Behav Immun. 2013 Aug;32:159-63.
- H Lavretsky, E S Epel, P Siddarth, N Nazarian, N S Cyr, D S Khalsa, J Lin, E Blackburn, M R Irwin. A pilot study of yogic meditation for family dementia caregivers with depressive symptoms: effects on mental health, cognition and telomerase activity. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013 Jan;28(1):57-65.
- C Werner, T Furster, T Widmann, J Poss, C Roggia, M Hanhoun, J Scharhag, N Buchner, T Meyer, W Kindermann, J Haendeler, M Bohm, U Laufs. Physical exercise prevents cellular senescence in circulating leukocytes in the vessel wall. Circulation. 2009 Dec 15;120(24):2438-47.
- L F Cherkas, J L Hunkin, B S Kato, B Richards, J P Gardner, G L Surdulescu, M Kimura, X Lu, T D Spector, A Aviv. The association between physical activity in leisure time and leukocyte telomere length. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Jan 28;168(2):154-8.
- J Kim, J Ko, D Lee, I Lim, H Bang. Habitual physical exercise has beneficial effects on telomere length in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2012 Oct;19(10):1109-15.
- C Mason, R Risques, L Xiao, C R Duggan, I Imayama, K L Campbell, A Kong, K E Foster-Schubert, C Y Wang, C M Alfano, G L Blackburn, P S Rabinovitch, A McTiernan. Independent and combined effects of dietary weight loss and exercise on leukoctye telomere length in postmenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Dec;21(12):E549-54.
- F Marcon, E Siniscalchi, R Crebelli, C Saieva, F Sera, P Fortini, V Simonelli, D Palli. Diet-related telomere shortening and chromosome stability. Mutagenesis. 2012 Jan;27(1):49-57
- A Tianen, S Mannisto, P A Blomstedt, E Moltchanova, M-M Perala, N E Kaartinen, E Kajantie, L Kananen, I Hovatta, J G Eriksson. Leukocyte telomere length and its relation to food and nutrient intake in an elderly population. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec;66(12):1290-4.
- I Shalev, S Entringer, P D Wadhwa, O M Wolkowitz, E Puterman, J Lin, E S Epel. Stress and telomere biology: a lifespan perspective. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013 Sep;38(9):1835-42.
- J H Ford. Saturated fatty acid metabolism is key link between cell division, cancer, and senescence in cellular and whole organism aging. Age (Dordr). 2010 Jun;32(2):231-7.
- Y Song, N-C Y You, Y Song, M K Kang, L Hou, R Wallace, C B Eaton, L F Tinker, S Liu. Intake of small-to-medium-chain saturated fatty acids is associated with peripheral leukocyte telomere length in postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2013 Jun;143(6):907-14.
- J A Nettleton, A Diez-Roux, N S Jenny, A L Fitzpatrick, D R Jacobs Jr. Dietary patterns, food groups, and telomere length in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Nov;88(5):1405-12.
- T E Strandberg, O Saijonmaa, F Fyhrquist, R S Tilvis, A Y Strandberg, T A Miettinen, K H Pitkala, V Salomaa. Telomere length in old age and cholesterol across the life course. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Oct;59(10):1979-81.
- B G P Macnamara, K T Farn, A K Mitra, J K Lloyd, A S Forsbrooke. Progeria Case Report with Long-term Studies o f Serum Lipids. Arch Dis Child. 1970 Aug;45(242):553-60.
- V A Diaz, A G Mainous III, C J Everett, U J Schoepf, V Codd, N J Samanii. Effect of healthy lifestyle behaviors on the association between leukocyte telomere length and coronary artery calcium. Am J Cardiol. 2010 Sep 1;106(5):659-63.
- M A Shammas. Telomeres, lifestyle, cancer, and aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011 Jan;14(1):28-34.
- I Shalev. Early life stress and telomere length: investigating the connection and possible mechanisms. Bioessays. 2012 Nov;34(11):943-52.
Image thanks to NikoDimo via Flickr
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Does Meditation Affect Cellular Aging?
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Content URLDoctor's Note
I’ll cover the comparable effects of diet and exercise in my next video Telomeres – Cap It All Off with Diet.
2023 Update: I recently released two new videos on telomeres. Check out What to Eat to Prevent Telomere Shortening and Greens, Green Tea, and Nuts Put to the Test for Telomeres.
I have a few videos on using aromatherapy and other modalities to help deal with stress:
- Orange Aromatherapy for Anxiety
- Lavender for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Improving Mood Through Diet
- Wake Up and Smell the Saffron
- Saffron vs. Prozac
For life extension in general, see:
- Methionine Restriction as a Life Extension Strategy
- Increased Lifespan from Beans
- Why Do We Age?
- Caloric Restriction vs. Animal Protein Restriction
- Turning the Clock Back 14 Years
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