Interventions to improve child nutrition at school have included everything from reducing cookie size, adding fruit to classroom cupcake celebrations, and giving vegetables attractive names, to more comprehensive strategies such as “veggiecation” curricula, and transforming school cafeterias.
Tricks to Get Kids to Eat Healthier at School
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Below is an approximation of this video’s audio content. To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring, watch the above video.
What happens if you give one group of kids a plate of cookies, and the other group the same number of cookies, but cut in half, and tell them all they can eat as many as they want? Decreasing the cookie size led to 25% fewer cookie calories eaten.
“The goal of this study was to help counter…obesity-promoting eating behaviors facilitated by the availability of large portions of [junk food].” And, “[t]he findings suggest that reducing the size of cookies (without altering the total amount of food) decreases children’s short-term energy intake—a…‘‘dietary strategy’’ for guardians to discretely decrease [unhealthy behaviors].”
But, do you know what’s in these things? Partially hydrogenated oil; trans fats. No one should be eating those. In fact, I can think of another “dietary strategy” to decrease kid’s intake—don’t give them any.
Admittedly, easier said than done. Even in the “granola crunchy” Bay Area, when parents and school administrators proposed to ban junk food, it “sent a…faction of parents and teachers into an apoplectic fit.”
In Texas, there was such parental outrage they got lawmakers to pass “a Safe Cupcake Amendment. The amendment, known as Lauren’s Law, ensures that parents and grandparents of schoolchildren celebrating a birthday can bring whatever” the heck they want to school.
Fine. What if you just offered fruit in addition to the cupcakes at classroom celebrations? “To observe student response[s] to the addition of fresh fruit, bowls of fresh, cut-up fruit provided by the researchers were added to the party food contributed by the parents” at half the four kindergarten or preschool celebrations studied. “No special effort was made to encourage students to choose the fruit.” They just put it out there. Would kids actually eat fruit when there was birthday cake, ice cream, and cheese puffs taking up nearly a whopping third of their daily caloric intake? Yes! On average, each kid ate a full fruit serving. Take that, cheesy puffs!
There are entire curricula available now for schools, like Veggiecation, where, for a whole year, classrooms feature a new veggie of the month, “sprinkled with nutrition mantras like, ‘’Fiber equals a happy tummy.'” And, it works! ” The active engagement of students in tasting and rating of vegetable dishes seemed to have contributed to higher consumption of [featured] vegetables.”
One school was able, in some cases, to double vegetable consumption—just by giving them “attractive names.” Elementary students ate twice the number of carrots if they were called “X-ray Vision Carrots,” than if they were “just” carrots, or generically named as the “Food of the Day.”
How about “Power Punch Broccoli, Silly Dilly Green Beans,” or calling broccoli “Tiny Tasty Tree Tops?” Selection of broccoli increased 100%; green beans up 177%.
Conclusion: “these studies demonstrate that using an attractive name to describe a healthy food in a cafeteria is robustly effective, persistent, and scalable with little or no money or experience.” These names were not carefully crafted, discussed in focus groups, and then pre-tested.” They just thought them up. What a concept! And, kids were suckered into eating healthier for months by putting out silly little signs.
Vegetable intake up nearly 100% across the board, while in the control school, without the signs, vegetable consumption started low, and actually got worse. So, why isn’t every single school in the country doing this right now?! Bring it up at your next PTA meeting.
And, if you want to get really bold, you can join the nutritious school lunch revolution, led by pioneering organizations like the New York Coalition for Healthy School Food.
Please consider volunteering to help out on the site.
- M. K. Spill, L. L. Birch, L. S. Roe, B. J. Rolls. Hiding vegetables to reduce energy density: An effective strategy to increase children's vegetable intake and reduce energy intake. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011 94(3):735 - 741.
- A. D. Blatt, L. S. Roe, B. J. Rolls. Hidden vegetables: An effective strategy to reduce energy intake and increase vegetable intake in adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011 93(4):756 - 763.
- C. A. Johnston, J. L. Palcic, C. Tyler, S. Stansberry, R. S. Reeves, J. P. Foreyt. Increasing vegetable intake in Mexican-American youth: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Diet Assoc 2011 111(5):716 - 720.
- A. Olsen, C. Ritz, L. Kramer, P. Moller. Serving styles of raw snack vegetables. What do children want? Appetite 2012 59(2):556 - 562.
- N. Beasley, S. Sharma, R. Shegog, R. Huber, P. Abernathy, C. Smith, D. Hoelscher. The quest to Lava Mountain: Using video games for dietary change in children. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012 112(9):1334 - 1336.
- D. Marchiori, L. Waroquier, O. Klein. 'Split them!' smaller item sizes of cookies lead to a decrease in energy intake in children. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012 May-Jun;44(3):251-5.
- C. Vereecken, A. Rovner, L. Maes. Associations of parenting styles, parental feeding practices and child characteristics with young children's fruit and vegetable consumption. Appetite 2010 55(3):589 - 596.
- B. Wansink, D. R. Just, C. R. Payne, M. Z. Klinger. Attractive names sustain increased vegetable intake in schools. Prev Med 2012 55(4):330 - 332.
- K. K. Isoldi, S. Dalton, D. P. Rodriguez, M. Nestle. Classroom "cupcake" celebrations: Observations of foods offered and consumed. J Nutr Educ Behav 2012 44(1):71 - 75.
- J. O. Fisher, J. A. Mennella, S. O. Hughes, Y. Liu, P. M. Mendoza, H. Patrick. Offering "dip" promotes intake of a moderately-liked raw vegetable among preschoolers with genetic sensitivity to bitterness. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012 112(2):235 - 245.
- J. S. Litt, M.-J. Soobader, M. S. Turbin, J. W. Hale, M. Buchenau, J. A. Marshall. The influence of social involvement, neighborhood aesthetics, and community garden participation on fruit and vegetable consumption. Am J Public Health 2011 101(8):1466 - 1473.
- L. Suriano. Veggiecation: A Culinary Nutrition Education Program About Vegetables.
- B. Wansink, K. van Ittersum, J. E. Painter. How descriptive food names bias sensory perceptions in restaurants. Food Qual Prefer. 2005 16(5):393-400.
- B. Wansink. Changing Eating Habits on the Home Front: Lost Lessons from World War II Research. J Public Policy Mark. 2002 21(1):90-99.
- B. Wansink, S.-B. Park. Sensory suggestiveness and labelling: Do soy labels bias taste? J Sens Stud. 2002 17(5):483 - 491
- S. Finz. Big food fight on Bay Area's school menus / Santa Clara's strict proposal highlights a healthy debate. SFGate. Published 4:00 a.m., Monday, May 22, 2006.
Images thanks to bookgrl via flickr, and New York Coalition for Healthy School Food. Thanks also to Ellen Reid and Shane Barrett for their Keynote help.
Below is an approximation of this video’s audio content. To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring, watch the above video.
What happens if you give one group of kids a plate of cookies, and the other group the same number of cookies, but cut in half, and tell them all they can eat as many as they want? Decreasing the cookie size led to 25% fewer cookie calories eaten.
“The goal of this study was to help counter…obesity-promoting eating behaviors facilitated by the availability of large portions of [junk food].” And, “[t]he findings suggest that reducing the size of cookies (without altering the total amount of food) decreases children’s short-term energy intake—a…‘‘dietary strategy’’ for guardians to discretely decrease [unhealthy behaviors].”
But, do you know what’s in these things? Partially hydrogenated oil; trans fats. No one should be eating those. In fact, I can think of another “dietary strategy” to decrease kid’s intake—don’t give them any.
Admittedly, easier said than done. Even in the “granola crunchy” Bay Area, when parents and school administrators proposed to ban junk food, it “sent a…faction of parents and teachers into an apoplectic fit.”
In Texas, there was such parental outrage they got lawmakers to pass “a Safe Cupcake Amendment. The amendment, known as Lauren’s Law, ensures that parents and grandparents of schoolchildren celebrating a birthday can bring whatever” the heck they want to school.
Fine. What if you just offered fruit in addition to the cupcakes at classroom celebrations? “To observe student response[s] to the addition of fresh fruit, bowls of fresh, cut-up fruit provided by the researchers were added to the party food contributed by the parents” at half the four kindergarten or preschool celebrations studied. “No special effort was made to encourage students to choose the fruit.” They just put it out there. Would kids actually eat fruit when there was birthday cake, ice cream, and cheese puffs taking up nearly a whopping third of their daily caloric intake? Yes! On average, each kid ate a full fruit serving. Take that, cheesy puffs!
There are entire curricula available now for schools, like Veggiecation, where, for a whole year, classrooms feature a new veggie of the month, “sprinkled with nutrition mantras like, ‘’Fiber equals a happy tummy.'” And, it works! ” The active engagement of students in tasting and rating of vegetable dishes seemed to have contributed to higher consumption of [featured] vegetables.”
One school was able, in some cases, to double vegetable consumption—just by giving them “attractive names.” Elementary students ate twice the number of carrots if they were called “X-ray Vision Carrots,” than if they were “just” carrots, or generically named as the “Food of the Day.”
How about “Power Punch Broccoli, Silly Dilly Green Beans,” or calling broccoli “Tiny Tasty Tree Tops?” Selection of broccoli increased 100%; green beans up 177%.
Conclusion: “these studies demonstrate that using an attractive name to describe a healthy food in a cafeteria is robustly effective, persistent, and scalable with little or no money or experience.” These names were not carefully crafted, discussed in focus groups, and then pre-tested.” They just thought them up. What a concept! And, kids were suckered into eating healthier for months by putting out silly little signs.
Vegetable intake up nearly 100% across the board, while in the control school, without the signs, vegetable consumption started low, and actually got worse. So, why isn’t every single school in the country doing this right now?! Bring it up at your next PTA meeting.
And, if you want to get really bold, you can join the nutritious school lunch revolution, led by pioneering organizations like the New York Coalition for Healthy School Food.
Please consider volunteering to help out on the site.
- M. K. Spill, L. L. Birch, L. S. Roe, B. J. Rolls. Hiding vegetables to reduce energy density: An effective strategy to increase children's vegetable intake and reduce energy intake. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011 94(3):735 - 741.
- A. D. Blatt, L. S. Roe, B. J. Rolls. Hidden vegetables: An effective strategy to reduce energy intake and increase vegetable intake in adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011 93(4):756 - 763.
- C. A. Johnston, J. L. Palcic, C. Tyler, S. Stansberry, R. S. Reeves, J. P. Foreyt. Increasing vegetable intake in Mexican-American youth: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Diet Assoc 2011 111(5):716 - 720.
- A. Olsen, C. Ritz, L. Kramer, P. Moller. Serving styles of raw snack vegetables. What do children want? Appetite 2012 59(2):556 - 562.
- N. Beasley, S. Sharma, R. Shegog, R. Huber, P. Abernathy, C. Smith, D. Hoelscher. The quest to Lava Mountain: Using video games for dietary change in children. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012 112(9):1334 - 1336.
- D. Marchiori, L. Waroquier, O. Klein. 'Split them!' smaller item sizes of cookies lead to a decrease in energy intake in children. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012 May-Jun;44(3):251-5.
- C. Vereecken, A. Rovner, L. Maes. Associations of parenting styles, parental feeding practices and child characteristics with young children's fruit and vegetable consumption. Appetite 2010 55(3):589 - 596.
- B. Wansink, D. R. Just, C. R. Payne, M. Z. Klinger. Attractive names sustain increased vegetable intake in schools. Prev Med 2012 55(4):330 - 332.
- K. K. Isoldi, S. Dalton, D. P. Rodriguez, M. Nestle. Classroom "cupcake" celebrations: Observations of foods offered and consumed. J Nutr Educ Behav 2012 44(1):71 - 75.
- J. O. Fisher, J. A. Mennella, S. O. Hughes, Y. Liu, P. M. Mendoza, H. Patrick. Offering "dip" promotes intake of a moderately-liked raw vegetable among preschoolers with genetic sensitivity to bitterness. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012 112(2):235 - 245.
- J. S. Litt, M.-J. Soobader, M. S. Turbin, J. W. Hale, M. Buchenau, J. A. Marshall. The influence of social involvement, neighborhood aesthetics, and community garden participation on fruit and vegetable consumption. Am J Public Health 2011 101(8):1466 - 1473.
- L. Suriano. Veggiecation: A Culinary Nutrition Education Program About Vegetables.
- B. Wansink, K. van Ittersum, J. E. Painter. How descriptive food names bias sensory perceptions in restaurants. Food Qual Prefer. 2005 16(5):393-400.
- B. Wansink. Changing Eating Habits on the Home Front: Lost Lessons from World War II Research. J Public Policy Mark. 2002 21(1):90-99.
- B. Wansink, S.-B. Park. Sensory suggestiveness and labelling: Do soy labels bias taste? J Sens Stud. 2002 17(5):483 - 491
- S. Finz. Big food fight on Bay Area's school menus / Santa Clara's strict proposal highlights a healthy debate. SFGate. Published 4:00 a.m., Monday, May 22, 2006.
Images thanks to bookgrl via flickr, and New York Coalition for Healthy School Food. Thanks also to Ellen Reid and Shane Barrett for their Keynote help.
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Title
Tricks to Get Kids to Eat Healthier at School
LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Content URLDoctor's Note
What’s so bad about trans fats? See Trans Fat in Meat & Dairy; Trans Fat, Saturated Fat, & Cholesterol: Tolerable Upper Intake of Zero; and Breast Cancer Survival & Trans Fat.
Whenever I find myself frustrated by half measures, I am forced to remind myself just how SAD the Standard American Diet is. See Nation’s Diet in Crisis for a reality check. One of the problems is that parents may not even realize there is a problem (see Mothers Overestimate Dietary Quality).
Feel free to check out the New York Coalition for Healthy School Food website at http://www.healthyschoolfood.org/.
This is the first video of my three-part series on practical tips for dietary improvement. In my next two videos, I cover Tricks to Get Kids to Eat Healthier at Home and Tricks to Get Adults to Eat Healthier.
For more context, check out my associated blog posts: How to Get Kids to Eat their Vegetables, How to Get our Kids to Eat their Vegetables, and How to Get Parents to Eat their Vegetables.
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