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Raw Veggies Versus Cooked for Heart Disease

Fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with a lower risk of heart disease, but which is more protective, raw or cooked?

April 25, 2012 |
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Raw Veggies Versus Cooked for Heart Disease, 4.7 out of 5 based on 6 ratings

Sources Cited

Oude Griep LM, Geleijnse JM, Kromhout D, Ocké MC, Verschuren WM. Raw and processed fruit and vegetable consumption and 10-year coronary heart disease incidence in a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. PLoS One. 2010 Oct 25;5(10):e13609.

Hansen L, Dragsted LO, Olsen A, Christensen J, Tjønneland A, Schmidt EB, Overvad K. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of acute coronary syndrome. Br J Nutr. 2010 Jul;104(2):248-55.

Key TJ, Thorogood M, Appleby PN, Burr ML. Dietary habits and mortality in 11,000 vegetarians and health conscious people: results of a 17 year follow up. BMJ. 1996 Sep 28;313(7060):775-9.

Acknowledgements

Image thanks to mark_am_kramer.

Transcript

In this study of 50,000 men and women published recently, those who ate the most apples appeared to have significantly less risk of having a heart attack in the 8 years they were followed, but those drinking apple juice appeared to increase their risk. That makes sense; apples, like all whole plant foods, are packed with fiber, which may lower cholesterol, whereas juice consumption—no fiber, just sugar—has been tied to the risk of diseases like diabetes.
So, nothing new here, but what about this one? 20,000 men and women followed for 10 years—an estimated 34% lower risk of coronary heart disease for those with a high intake of fruits and vegetables, but they went a step further and compared raw versus cooked. no such study focusing specifically on raw versus processed fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to coronary heart disease incidence had ever been done, until now. What do you think they found?
Well, in the past we’ve learned that daily salad consumption, for example, may significantly decrease one’s risk of dying from heart disease. In this study of 11000 vegetarians and other health conscious people, daily consumption of raw salad was associated with a 26% reduction in mortality from ischemic heart disease.
At the same time we’ve known for 15 years that phytonutrients like lycopene in tomatoes appear protective against heart disease, and cooking dramatically boosts lycopene bioavailability. This was actually an interesting study. It’s hard to trust what people tell you about what they eat, so instead, people admitted to the hospital for heart attacks had a plug of fat tissue taken from their butt and just had it analyzed to basically confirm how much tomato sauce they had been really eating.
So anyway, raw or cooked for heart disease prevention? And you probably guessed it, the answer, is both.

To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring watch the above video. This is just an approximation of the audio contributed by veganmontreal.

To help out on the site please email volunteer@nutritionfacts.org

Dr. Michael Greger

Doctor's Note

For more on the benefits of whole fruit compared to juice see Best Fruit Juice. A healthy alternative is my Pink Juice With Green Foam. For more on the healthfulness of cooked versus raw veggies, see my video Best Cooking Method. Note that most of the sources for this video are open access, so you can download them by clicking on the links above in the Sources Cited section. And feel free to check out my hundreds of other videos on more than a thousand subjects.

For more context, check out my associated blog post, Stool Size and Breast Cancer Risk.

  • http://nutritionfacts.org/members/mgreger/ Michael Greger M.D.

    For more on the benefits of whole fruit compared to juice see Best Fruit Juice. A healthy alternative is my Pink Juice With Green Foam. For more on the healthfulness of cooked versus raw veggies, see my video Best Cooking Method. Note that most of the sources for this video are open access, so you can download them by clicking on the links above in the Sources Cited section. And feel free to check out my hundreds of other videos on more than a thousand subjects.

  • http://nutritionfacts.org/members/louis/ Louis

    But for stoke prevention, eat lots of raw veggies

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21427746
    “Conclusion: High intake of raw fruit and vegetables may protect against stroke. No association was found between processed fruit and vegetable consumption and incident stroke.”

  • Michael Greger M.D.

    For more on the benefits of whole fruit compared to juice see Best Fruit Juice. A healthy alternative is my Pink Juice With Green Foam. For more on the healthfulness of cooked versus raw veggies, see my video Best Cooking Method. Note that most of the sources for this video are open access, so you can download them by clicking on the links above in the Sources Cited section. And feel free to check out my hundreds of other videos on more than a thousand subjects.

  • veganmonkey

    Great stuff. Just a heads up, the first ‘Sources Cited’ goes to “Dietary habits and mortality in 11000 vegetarians and health conscious people: results of a 17year followup” rather than “Raw and processed” etc. The actual study is easy to find though. Thanks for the great videos. Been a great help.

    • Michael Greger M.D.

      That source link seems to be working for me…(i.e., it produces the correct paper).

      • veganmonkey

        Ah, sorry about that, must be browser issues at my end.

  • herbalist

    I wonder if the study made note if the apple juice used was fresh squeezed or apple juice from frozen concentrate?

  • Kman

    Hi Doc, I have a question about Tomato Paste. I eat half a small tin (BPA free) of tomato paste each day. I have read that cooking increases the bioavailability of lycopene in tomatoes, because it breaks open the cell walls, I believe. My question is: would heat increase bioavailability of lycopene in tomato paste, or would it not because the cell walls have already been broken in making the tomato paste? Thank you for your great work. I wish my Dad had known about your work.

  • Carolyn

    I can’t get this to play in its entirety.

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