What did randomized controlled human trials find about the ways we may—or may not—benefit from eating onions?
Are Onions Beneficial for Testosterone, Osteoporosis, Allergies, and Cancer?
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Below is an approximation of this video’s audio content. To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring, watch the above video.
Onions are potentially a good source of antioxidants, though, interestingly, the antioxidants are concentrated in the outer layers immediately under the papery peel. Unfortunately, most consumers discard these most nutrient-rich outermost layers, thus losing a valuable part. Here are some numbers. Look at that! More than 10 times more antioxidants in the outer layer of white onions, compared to the core. You’ll also note that yellow onions in general have more antioxidants than white. And red onions beat them both, based on three different antioxidant testing methods. That’s why I always try to buy red. Though red onions are indeed slightly better, yellow or white onions are no slouches, containing considerable levels of antioxidant activity. So, nutritious, sure, but are there any particular clinical benefits to onion consumption? There are grammatically challenged titles like this in the medical literature purporting all sorts of miraculous benefits. But what do they base these claims on?
For example, here’s a review purporting to have evidence that testosterone in males is enhanced by onion, but the researchers were talking about studies like this on the effects of onion juice after testicular torsion . . . in rats. Who cares what happens after a rat testicle is rotated 720 degrees counterclockwise? (Except, of course, the rat.) You don’t know what happens in people until you put human testes to the test and . . . onion extracts don’t appear to work.
Okay, what about bone health? Evidently, older white women who consumed onions at least once a day had an overall bone density that was 5 percent greater than individuals who consumed onions no more than once a month (P < 0.03). Now 5 percent might not sound like a lot, but that improvement in bone density could potentially translate into decreasing their risk of hip fracture by more than 20 percent if, indeed, it was cause and effect.
Daily administration of onion did cause a big bump in bone density. This opens the possibility for a low-cost, safe, and effective nutritional approach to osteoporosis and—you guessed it—in the rat. Another rodent study. Rats!
But finally, here we go. Tremendous strides have been made in treating osteoporosis with drugs, but they have the potential for serious adverse side effects, so scientists have drawn their attention to natural remedies. So, let’s randomize people to drink onion juice or placebo onion juice. I don’t know what sounds worse: sugary onion juice or fake sugary onion juice. And as if drinking onion juice wasn’t bad enough, it was all for nothing. It didn’t even work.
What about the anti-allergy activities of shallots, and any therapeutic effects on helping allergic runny noses? Sixteen such patients were randomized equally into an antihistamine group, or a group that got antihistamines plus some capsules containing dried shallot powder. And it looked like the shallot group did better, but there was actually no statistically significant difference in total symptoms between the two groups; so, another #OnionFail. There has to be something onions can do.
What about testing the effects of fresh yellow onion consumption on breast cancer patients to try to decrease the toxic effects of a chemotherapy drug called doxorubicin? Unfortunately, no significant benefit was found on decreasing damage to the liver or heart.
But here we go . . . finally, a clinical benefit to onions. The consumption of fresh yellow onion ameliorates the high blood sugars and insulin resistance in breast cancer patients during doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. Doxorubicin isn’t just toxic to the liver and heart, but it may also contribute to insulin resistance. So, let’s do a randomized, triple-blind, controlled clinical trial randomizing patients to like a whole onion a day. or a third of an onion a day. What happened? The high-onion group experienced a significant decrease in blood sugars and insulin resistance compared to the low-onion group. They went up in the low-onion group, but down in the high-onion group. So, make onions your friend. What’s the worst that can happen—a little onion breath and BO? Probably the least of your worries if you have cancer on chemotherapy.
Please consider volunteering to help out on the site.
- Sidhu JS, Ali M, Al-Rashdan A, Ahmed N. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is potentially a good source of important antioxidants. J Food Sci Technol. 2019;56(4):1811-9.
- Zhang S, Deng P, Xu Y, Lu S, Wang J. Quantification and analysis of anthocyanin and flavonoids compositions, and antioxidant activities in onions with three different colors. J Integr Agr. 2016;15(9):2175-81.
- Lee EJ, Patil BS, Yoo KS. Antioxidants of 15 onions with white, yellow, and red colors and their relationship with pungency, anthocyanin, and quercetin. LWT- Food Sci Technol. 2015;63(1):108-14.
- Suleria HA, Butt MS, Anjum FM, Saeed F, Khalid N. Onion: nature protection against physiological threats. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(1):50-66.
- Banihani SA. Testosterone in Males as Enhanced by Onion (Allium Cepa L.). Biomolecules. 2019;9(2):75.
- Shokoohi M, et al. Investigating the effects of onion juice on male fertility factors and pregnancy rate after testicular torsion/detorsion by intrauterine insemination method. Int J Womens Health Rep Sci. 2018;6(4):499-505.
- nakayama Y, Tanaka K, Hiramoto S. Yahata N. Alleviation of the aging males' symptoms by the intake of onion-extracts containing concentrated cysteine sulfoxides for 4 weeks -randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparative study. Jpn Pharm Ther. 2017;45(4):595-608.
- Matheson EM, Mainous AG 3rd, Carnemolla MA. The association between onion consumption and bone density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal non-Hispanic white women 50 years and older. Menopause. 2009;16(4):756-9.
- Mühlbauer RC, Li F, Lozano A, Reinli A, Tschudi I. Some vegetables (commonly consumed by humans) efficiently modulate bone metabolism. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2000;1(2):137-40.
- Law YY, Chiu HF, Lee HH, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Consumption of onion juice modulates oxidative stress and attenuates the risk of bone disorders in middle-aged and post-menopausal healthy subjects. Food Funct. 2016;7(2):902-12.
- Arpornchayanon W, Klinprung S, Chansakaow S, et al. Antiallergic activities of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) and its therapeutic effects in allergic rhinitis. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2019;10.12932/AP-300319-0529.
- Jafarpour-Sadegh F, Montazeri V, Adili A, et al. Effects of Fresh Yellow Onion Consumption on CEA, CA125 and Hepatic Enzymes in Breast Cancer Patients: A Double- Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(17):7517-22.
- Jafarpour-Sadegh F, Montazeri V, Adili A, Esfehani A, Rashidi MR, Pirouzpanah S. Consumption of Fresh Yellow Onion Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Insulin Resistance in Breast Cancer Patients During Doxorubicin-Based Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Integr Cancer Ther. 2017;16(3):276-89.
Video production by Glass Entertainment
Motion graphics by Avo Media
Below is an approximation of this video’s audio content. To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring, watch the above video.
Onions are potentially a good source of antioxidants, though, interestingly, the antioxidants are concentrated in the outer layers immediately under the papery peel. Unfortunately, most consumers discard these most nutrient-rich outermost layers, thus losing a valuable part. Here are some numbers. Look at that! More than 10 times more antioxidants in the outer layer of white onions, compared to the core. You’ll also note that yellow onions in general have more antioxidants than white. And red onions beat them both, based on three different antioxidant testing methods. That’s why I always try to buy red. Though red onions are indeed slightly better, yellow or white onions are no slouches, containing considerable levels of antioxidant activity. So, nutritious, sure, but are there any particular clinical benefits to onion consumption? There are grammatically challenged titles like this in the medical literature purporting all sorts of miraculous benefits. But what do they base these claims on?
For example, here’s a review purporting to have evidence that testosterone in males is enhanced by onion, but the researchers were talking about studies like this on the effects of onion juice after testicular torsion . . . in rats. Who cares what happens after a rat testicle is rotated 720 degrees counterclockwise? (Except, of course, the rat.) You don’t know what happens in people until you put human testes to the test and . . . onion extracts don’t appear to work.
Okay, what about bone health? Evidently, older white women who consumed onions at least once a day had an overall bone density that was 5 percent greater than individuals who consumed onions no more than once a month (P < 0.03). Now 5 percent might not sound like a lot, but that improvement in bone density could potentially translate into decreasing their risk of hip fracture by more than 20 percent if, indeed, it was cause and effect.
Daily administration of onion did cause a big bump in bone density. This opens the possibility for a low-cost, safe, and effective nutritional approach to osteoporosis and—you guessed it—in the rat. Another rodent study. Rats!
But finally, here we go. Tremendous strides have been made in treating osteoporosis with drugs, but they have the potential for serious adverse side effects, so scientists have drawn their attention to natural remedies. So, let’s randomize people to drink onion juice or placebo onion juice. I don’t know what sounds worse: sugary onion juice or fake sugary onion juice. And as if drinking onion juice wasn’t bad enough, it was all for nothing. It didn’t even work.
What about the anti-allergy activities of shallots, and any therapeutic effects on helping allergic runny noses? Sixteen such patients were randomized equally into an antihistamine group, or a group that got antihistamines plus some capsules containing dried shallot powder. And it looked like the shallot group did better, but there was actually no statistically significant difference in total symptoms between the two groups; so, another #OnionFail. There has to be something onions can do.
What about testing the effects of fresh yellow onion consumption on breast cancer patients to try to decrease the toxic effects of a chemotherapy drug called doxorubicin? Unfortunately, no significant benefit was found on decreasing damage to the liver or heart.
But here we go . . . finally, a clinical benefit to onions. The consumption of fresh yellow onion ameliorates the high blood sugars and insulin resistance in breast cancer patients during doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. Doxorubicin isn’t just toxic to the liver and heart, but it may also contribute to insulin resistance. So, let’s do a randomized, triple-blind, controlled clinical trial randomizing patients to like a whole onion a day. or a third of an onion a day. What happened? The high-onion group experienced a significant decrease in blood sugars and insulin resistance compared to the low-onion group. They went up in the low-onion group, but down in the high-onion group. So, make onions your friend. What’s the worst that can happen—a little onion breath and BO? Probably the least of your worries if you have cancer on chemotherapy.
Please consider volunteering to help out on the site.
- Sidhu JS, Ali M, Al-Rashdan A, Ahmed N. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is potentially a good source of important antioxidants. J Food Sci Technol. 2019;56(4):1811-9.
- Zhang S, Deng P, Xu Y, Lu S, Wang J. Quantification and analysis of anthocyanin and flavonoids compositions, and antioxidant activities in onions with three different colors. J Integr Agr. 2016;15(9):2175-81.
- Lee EJ, Patil BS, Yoo KS. Antioxidants of 15 onions with white, yellow, and red colors and their relationship with pungency, anthocyanin, and quercetin. LWT- Food Sci Technol. 2015;63(1):108-14.
- Suleria HA, Butt MS, Anjum FM, Saeed F, Khalid N. Onion: nature protection against physiological threats. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(1):50-66.
- Banihani SA. Testosterone in Males as Enhanced by Onion (Allium Cepa L.). Biomolecules. 2019;9(2):75.
- Shokoohi M, et al. Investigating the effects of onion juice on male fertility factors and pregnancy rate after testicular torsion/detorsion by intrauterine insemination method. Int J Womens Health Rep Sci. 2018;6(4):499-505.
- nakayama Y, Tanaka K, Hiramoto S. Yahata N. Alleviation of the aging males' symptoms by the intake of onion-extracts containing concentrated cysteine sulfoxides for 4 weeks -randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparative study. Jpn Pharm Ther. 2017;45(4):595-608.
- Matheson EM, Mainous AG 3rd, Carnemolla MA. The association between onion consumption and bone density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal non-Hispanic white women 50 years and older. Menopause. 2009;16(4):756-9.
- Mühlbauer RC, Li F, Lozano A, Reinli A, Tschudi I. Some vegetables (commonly consumed by humans) efficiently modulate bone metabolism. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2000;1(2):137-40.
- Law YY, Chiu HF, Lee HH, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Consumption of onion juice modulates oxidative stress and attenuates the risk of bone disorders in middle-aged and post-menopausal healthy subjects. Food Funct. 2016;7(2):902-12.
- Arpornchayanon W, Klinprung S, Chansakaow S, et al. Antiallergic activities of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) and its therapeutic effects in allergic rhinitis. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2019;10.12932/AP-300319-0529.
- Jafarpour-Sadegh F, Montazeri V, Adili A, et al. Effects of Fresh Yellow Onion Consumption on CEA, CA125 and Hepatic Enzymes in Breast Cancer Patients: A Double- Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(17):7517-22.
- Jafarpour-Sadegh F, Montazeri V, Adili A, Esfehani A, Rashidi MR, Pirouzpanah S. Consumption of Fresh Yellow Onion Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Insulin Resistance in Breast Cancer Patients During Doxorubicin-Based Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Integr Cancer Ther. 2017;16(3):276-89.
Video production by Glass Entertainment
Motion graphics by Avo Media
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Title
Are Onions Beneficial for Testosterone, Osteoporosis, Allergies, and Cancer?
LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Content URLDoctor's Note
What else can we do for breast cancer? See:
- BRCA Breast Cancer Genes and Soy
- Starving Cancer with Methionine Restriction
- Cholesterol Feeds Breast Cancer Cells
- Which Dietary Factors Affect Breast Cancer Most?
- Zeranol Use in Meat and Breast Cancer
- Animal Protein Compared to Cigarette Smoking
- What Causes Cancer to Metastasize?
- How to Help Control Cancer Metastasis with Diet
- The Food That Can Downregulate a Metastatic Cancer Gene
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